[Java] Apache Axis

Preparation

1. Tomcat
   
   An open source servlet container. Tomcat implements the Java Servlet and the JavaServer Pages (JSP) specifications, and provides a pure Java HTTP web server environment for Java code to run.
   
   In Windows,
   
   • Start Up Tomcat: By executing the following command: $CATALINA_HOME\bin\startup.bat. After startup, the default web applications included with Tomcat will be available by visiting: http://localhost:8888/. (We can change port 8080 to 8888 by editing $CATALINA_HOME\conf\server.xml. Port 8080 is reserved for Windows IIS.)
     
     
     
   • Shut Down Tomcat: By executing the following command: $CATALINA_HOME\bin\shutdown.
   However, we don't need to startup Tomcat during developing web service.
   
2. soapUI
   soapUI is a free and open source cross-platform Functional Testing solution.
   

Creating a Web Service

1. Setup Eclipse: Window > Preferences > Server > Runtime Environments > Add... > Apache Tomcat v7.0 > Next > Select correct Tomcat installation directory > Finish.
   
2. New Project: File > New > Other... > Web > Dynamic Web Project > Target runtime: Apache Tomcat v7.0.
3. New Java class:
   

   package demo;
   
   public class HelloWorld {
       public String greeting(String name) {
           return "Hello World! " + name + "!";
       }
   }
   

4. Setup runtime environment: Right click on Servers tag below > New > Server. Select Tomcat v7.0 Server again.
5. Create Web Service: Right click on HelloWorld.java in Project Explorer > Web Services > Create Web Service > Web service type: Bottom up Java bean Web Service. Service implementation: demo.HelloWorld. Click check box: Publish the Web service. > Finish.

Everything is OK now. We can take a look at WebContent > wsdl > HelloWorld.wsdl:

or

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://demo" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://demo" xmlns:intf="http://demo" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4
Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)-->
 <wsdl:types>
  <schema elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://demo" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
   <element name="greeting">
    <complexType>
     <sequence>
      <element name="in0" type="xsd:string"/>
     </sequence>
    </complexType>
   </element>
   <element name="greetingResponse">
    <complexType>
     <sequence>
      <element name="greetingReturn" type="xsd:string"/>
     </sequence>
    </complexType>
   </element>
  </schema>
 </wsdl:types>
   <wsdl:message name="greetingRequest">
      <wsdl:part element="impl:greeting" name="parameters">
      </wsdl:part>
   </wsdl:message>
   <wsdl:message name="greetingResponse">
      <wsdl:part element="impl:greetingResponse" name="parameters">
      </wsdl:part>
   </wsdl:message>
   <wsdl:portType name="HelloWorld">
      <wsdl:operation name="greeting">
         <wsdl:input message="impl:greetingRequest" name="greetingRequest">
       </wsdl:input>
         <wsdl:output message="impl:greetingResponse" name="greetingResponse">
       </wsdl:output>
      </wsdl:operation>
   </wsdl:portType>
   <wsdl:binding name="HelloWorldSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloWorld">
      <wsdlsoap:binding style="document" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
      <wsdl:operation name="greeting">
         <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>
         <wsdl:input name="greetingRequest">
            <wsdlsoap:body use="literal"/>
         </wsdl:input>
         <wsdl:output name="greetingResponse">
            <wsdlsoap:body use="literal"/>
         </wsdl:output>
      </wsdl:operation>
   </wsdl:binding>
   <wsdl:service name="HelloWorldService">
      <wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloWorldSoapBinding" name="HelloWorld">
         <wsdlsoap:address location="http://localhost:8888/WebServiceDemo/services/HelloWorld"/>
      </wsdl:port>
   </wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>

After linking to http://localhost:8888/WebServiceDemo/services/HelloWorld, we see:

<h1>HelloWorld</h1>
<p>Hi there, this is an AXIS service!</p>
<i>Perhaps there will be a form for invoking the service here...</i>

Testing a Web Service

We use soapUI 4.0.1 to test our web service. soapUI comes with extensive support for testing WSDL / SOAP based services (Tutorial).

1. New Project: File > New soapUI Project > Initial WSDL/WADL: http://localhost:8888/WebServiceDemo/services/HelloWorld?wsdl
2. Double click greeting in Navigator (left window). In XML tag in SOAP Request 1 (right window), we prepare the following request:
   

   <soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:demo="http://demo">
      <soapenv:Header/>
      <soapenv:Body>
         <demo:greeting>
            <demo:in0>Plover</demo:in0>
         </demo:greeting>
      </soapenv:Body>
   </soapenv:Envelope>
   

3. Click Submit request to specified endpoint URL button. We will receive the following result:
   

   <soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
      <soapenv:Body>
         <greetingResponse xmlns="http://demo">
            <greetingReturn>Hello World! Plover!</greetingReturn>
         </greetingResponse>
      </soapenv:Body>
   </soapenv:Envelope>
   

Screenshot:

Enjoy!